POLICE HISTORY
Since the formation of modern police forces in about 1840
many family trees feature a relative whose occupation is listed as Police
Constable . This page provides some details of the history of policing in
Eastern Essex.
Until 1840 law enforcement was in the hands of elected part
time Parish Constables who were responsible for bringing offenders before local
Magistrates or for trial at Quarter Sessions held at Chelmsford.
The old village lock up at Bradwell which was built in
1817 for detention of adults and juveniles still exists
The lock up at Bradwell-on-Sea was built in 1817 by Samuel Horne at the cost of £3 10 shillings 9 pence and the pillory added to in 1823 by attachment of stocks to the outside. When the Constable had a busy time six prisoners could be accommodated inside the cage and up to 5 people attached to the pillory to become objects of pity or derision to passers by. One ring on the pillory is very low making it suitable for use with small children.
Serious cases were kept in the lock up and then taken to the assizes by the Constable.
The Parish Constables faced a difficult and dangerous job as
is evidenced by the case of Peter Jerome who was a gentleman of Woodham Mortimer
who attacked a Parish Constable with his dagger drawing blood for which offence
she received a fine of six shillings and eight pence.
On 11 February 1840 Essex agreed to adopt a police rate
that would allow the formation of Essex County Constabulary.
The
initial recruits included PC 20 William Aubrey a baker from Stow Maries, PC 58
Charles Fletcher the Parish Constable from Tillingham and PC 35 James Holby a
corn dealer from Latchingdon.
Also amongst the
first recruits was Andrew Rome who was a 22 yr old former tea dealer from
Scotland. Andrew Rome was subsequently promoted to Inspector where he commanded
the Essex Police Unit responsible for policing the oyster beds at Burnham on
Crouch until his retirement in 1897. His 57 years of service is a record that is
unlikely to be beaten.
The initial deployment of men saw 14 Police
Divisions which included Dengie Division controlling the Dengie 100 area. This
Division was commanded by ex Army Officer Superintendent John Hawkins with one
Constable at Latchingdon, 2 Constables at Southminster and 1 Constable at
Bradwell on Sea.
Latchingdon Station and Court House 1443 -
1995
Roger and Lesley Cook who are the current owners of Butchers
corner have been kind enough to supply a brief history of this interesting
building for the period 1840 to 1930 .
Although the building is sited
in the Street on the western edge of Latchingdon Village and is known as
Latchingdon Police Station it is actually within the boundary of Purleigh
Parish.
In 1841 a plot of land was purchased from Mr Samuel Clift for
£60 and agreement was reached with Mr Haywood from Colchester to build a Police
Station for £1,100. In the manner of the day brick for the Police Station were
built locally by Richard Solly at Mundon Hall Farm for 9 shillings per thousand
including transport to the site. These locally made bricks are still in good
condition over 160 years later.
The new police Station was formally opened in 1843 making it
one of the first Police stations in both the county and the
country.
The building consisted of two cells, a guard room,
Superintendent's kitchen and parlour and bedrooms/social rooms for the men
stationed at Latchingdon.
At this time the manpower of the Dengie Division was a
Superintendent at Latchingdon, and Inspector at Southminster and one Constable
at Latchingdon, Southminster, Purleigh, Tillingham, Burnham and
Bradwell.
By 1850 the complex was extended to include a Court House
where a Petty Sessions Court was held.
In 1851 residents included Superintendent Francis Knock, his
wife Amelia and their 7 children plus Police Constable William Peacock, his wife
Susannah and their 3 children.
Police strength in the Dengie Division had by then risen to a
Superintendent at Latchingdon, an Inspector and two constables at Burnham Oyster
Company and a Constable at Latchingdon, Southminster, Steeple, Purleigh, Woodham
Walter, Woodham Ferrers, Althorne, Tillingham and Burnham.
On 7 August 1886 Police Constable 213 Edward Raven was
returning to Foulness in a small boat when it capsized in the strong breeze, and
he was drowned.
Police Constable Edward Raven was born at Steeple in Essex,
working as a labourer prior to becoming a policeman when he was 23; his brother
Elijah joined the City of London Police.
Edward Raven's first posting was to Chelmsford till June
1863, but for the next 20 years he was one of the Essex police officers whose
wages were paid by the Burnham Oyster Company to protect their fisheries; it
seems likely that he already had some previous knowledge of boats from his
upbringing in a riverside village. In 1882 the Burnham Oyster Company reduced
the number of its officers, and Edward Raven worked in his birthplace before
volunteering for the Foulness beat.
to visit the Essex Police
Memorial Site which lists all Police Officers who died on duty in Essex.
Policing demands in the area continued to grow
throughout the Dengie 100 to the extent that Latchingdon Police Headquarters and
Court was not large enough.
By 1888 whilst the number of Constables remained unchanged
Dengie Division consisted of a further Inspector and three Sergeants.
to see a muster list of names and stations of the members of the Dengie Division in 1888
In 1902 a new Divisional HQ and Magistrates Court was
built at Southminster and Latchingdon reverted to the residence and office of
the local constable until the 1930s.
In more recent times Latchingdon
had a modern Police House which provided the residence and Office of a
Constable.
Changing methods within Essex Police meant that in the mid
1990's the Police House was sold to private ownership ending 150 years of police
presence in the village.
Southminster Police Station 1902 -
Current
The opening of Southminster Police Station and the attached
Courthouse moved the HQ of the Dengie Division to Southminster.
The
new Police Station included 4 cells lit by gas light and an exercise yard with
toilets which represented a considerable advance in the treatment of
prisoners.
To the rear of the building were stables with hay loft for
the Superintendents pony and trap.
Manpower had more than trebled
since 1840 with a Superintendent, an Inspector, three Sergeants and 14
Constables to police the Dengie Division.
In 1914 reorganisation of Essex Police meant that the Dengie
Division which has by then grown to 23 Officers was to disappear as a Section of
the Rochford Division commanded by an Inspector based at Southminster.
for details of some of the
crimes dealt with by Southminster Police .
Southminster Magistrates Court was closed in the mid 1980's
and has been converted to a library. The contents of the Courthouse have been
taken to Essex Police Museum where they provide one of the many interesting
exhibits.
Southminster Police Station has received several
refurbishment's but remains the centre for policing the Dengie 100.
Wartime
Burnham Police Station has been in several sites including
Albert Road where the below photograph was taken. The Police station is now a
private house.
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1944 - Victory Photograph of Burnham Police
The Regular Officers are led by Inspector Rose
The Specials include Tubby Barker and the far left and Albie
Rice 2nd from right at rear.
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The Police took on a co-ordinating role in World War 2 .
By World War 2 Southminster was no longer a Division but part of the Maldon area.
A Sergeant was now in charge of the Southminster area with an Inspector at Maldon.
Police Stations were located at Bradwell on Sea, Burnham on Crouch, Latchingdon, Purleigh and Southminster.
During the war the Police Strength of Maldon/ Southminster area was 14 regular Constables, 44 Special Constables and 4 vehicles were allocated for Police use.
In response to concern about bombing the Home Office offered
the following guidance to the rural parishes:- Each parish should depend
upon
1/ A Police Constable with protective clothing 2/ Two or
three volunteer Special Constables
3/ Three air raid wardens for each 500 people of the
population 4/ A first aid post
5/ Voluntary help from the men of the village 6/
The trained sense of the village
A new Police Station was built in Station Road in the late
1960's which today serves as a centre for Essex Police Marine Unit who operate a
police launch and several fast inflatables in the Rivers Crouch and
Blackwater.
Burnham Oyster Company Police
Burnham Oyster Company was formed by the owners of the
Burnham Oyster beds which were reckoned amongst the best in the country during
the 1800's. To protect the oyster beds from theft and damage five Officers were
attached to the Oyster Company. In 1863 the Officers were Inspector Andrew Rome
and Constables William Piper, William Rogers,William Wallace and Richard
Wilsteed.
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